PhDTh 823 Moral Theology explores the historical development of Catholic moral theology in the United States, from its 19th-century roots to the 21st century. This course’s starting point is pre-Vatican II moral theology that, except social ethics, sought to identify sinful actions and the degree of sinfulness. Through this course, students also learn about moral theology during the post-Vatican II era, focusing on the effect of the Council on the scope and substance of moral theology, the impact of Humanae vitae, Pope Paul VI’s encyclical condemning artificial contraception, fundamental moral theology, sexuality, and marriage, bioethics, and social ethics.